Chris Tyler's Wiki - spo600

64-bit_assembly_language_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-11T12:26:34+00:00

64-Bit Assembly Language Lab In this lab, you will experiment with assembler on the x86_64 and aarch64 platforms. Perform this lab on SPO600 Servers (you may use your own systems if they are of the right architecture and appropriately configured). Lab 5 Code Examples

64_bit_assembly_language_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

2024_fall

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-03T02:41:55+00:00

SPO600 - 2024 Fall This is the SPO600 course schedule. It's a live document and will be revised as the course proceed. Each topic will be linked to notes at the end of this page as the course proceeds. WeekWeek of ...Class I (Tuesday - Syncronous on Zoom)

2024_fall_project

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-12-08T03:35:55+00:00

SPO600 2024 Fall Project Goal The goal of this project is to write a functioning proof-of-concept prototype for the function-pruning component of Automatic Function Multi-Versioning (AFMV) capability to the Gnu Compiler Collection (GCC) for AArch64 systems, building on previous work.

2024_sumer_project

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-06-05T19:31:28+00:00

Wrong page! See 2024 Summer Project

2024_summer_project

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-08-19T07:14:27+00:00

SPO600 2024 Summer Project Goal The goal of this project is to add a functioning proof-of-concept prototype of Automatic Function Multi-Versioning (AFMV) capability to the Gnu Compiler Collection (GCC) for AArch64 systems, building on previous work.

2024_winter_project

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

SPO600 2024 Winter Project Goal The goal of this project is to add a functioning proof-of-concept prototype of auto-function-multi-versioning capability to the Gnu Compiler Collection (GCC) for AArch64 systems. Specifically: 1. It will be possible to enable AFMV from the compiler command-line, with a list of one or more architectural feature versions (these will be versions accepted by the existing FMV code, such as

2025_winter_participants

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-21T04:03:10+00:00

SPO600 2024 Winter Participants Number Name Preferred Name Seneca LDAP ID Blog URL 0Chris TylerChrischris.tyler 1Hamza TeliHamzahteli12Sooyeon KimSooyeonskim4993Ziyang WangKevinzwang3314Amir MullagalievAmiramullagaliev5Jenny NguyenJennyjnguyen164

2025_winter_project

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-15T06:41:07+00:00

SPO600 2025 Winter Project Before Starting Before starting this project, please perform Lab 4. Project Stage I: Create a Basic GCC Pass Create a pass for the current development version of the GCC compiler which: * Iterates through the code being compiled;

6502

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-05-09T05:44:46+00:00

6502 The MOS Technologies 6502 processor was introduced in the mid-1970s to fill the need for a affordable general-purpose CPU. Its low cost (US$25 at introduction, less than C$0.89 now) was less than one-sixth of competing CPUs, and it had very simple circuitry requirements which made it simple and inexpensive to incorporate it into products. The 6502 (or a slight variation) was therefore used in many home and personal computers, such as the Apple II; the Commodore PET, Vic-20, and C64; the At…

6502_addressing_modes

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-08T21:56:32+00:00

6502 Addressing Modes The 6502 processor has 13 Addressing Modes, which affect how the arguments for instructions are accessed. For example, the Load Accumulator LDA instruction can load the accumulator from different sources: LDA #$05 ; Immediate addressing mode - load the accumulator with the number 5 LDA $05 ; Zero-page addressing mode - load the accumulator from memory address 5 LDA $0805 ; Absolute addressing mode - load the accumulator from memory address 0x8005 (32773).

6502_assembly_language_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-10T21:22:42+00:00

6502 Assembly Language Lab In this lab, you will learn some of the basics of 6502 assembly language, in preparation for learning more complex x86_64 and AArch64 assembly language. Resources * 6502 Wiki Page * 6502 Emulator * Opcode/Instruction References *

6502_counting_loop_example

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

6502 Counting Loop Example Here is a solution for part of the 64-bit Assembly Language Lab but implemented in 6502 Assembly language for use with the 6502 Emulator: ; ROM routines define SCINIT $ff81 define CHROUT $ffd2 START: JSR SCINIT ; Initialize and clear the screen LDX #$00 ; Loop index (0-9) LINE: TXA ; Put loop index into A CLC ADC #$30 ; Add $30 (ASCII '0') STA MSG_DIGIT ; Store into the string LDY #$00 ; Character number to print CHARACTER: LDA MSG,Y …

6502_emulator

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-09T21:14:22+00:00

6502 Emulator A simple web-based 6502 emulator is available at (note that this is an http link, not an https link). This emulator is used in the SPO600 course to teach 8-bit assembly language before transitioning to more complex 64-bit x86_64 and AArch64 assembly language. In most 6502 documentation, including this page, the

6502_emulator_example_code

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

6502 Emulator Example Code This is a collection of simple examples of 6502 assembly language code which will run in the 6502 Emulator. To use this code, copy and paste one of these programs into the text box of the emulator. This code is Copyright©2020-2024 Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology. Each of these programs is free software; you can redistribute them and/or modify them under the terms of the

6502_instructions

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-09-10T14:58:46+00:00

6502 Instructions The 6502 processor has a compact instruction set, consisting of just 56 instructions: ADC AND ASL BCC BCS BEQ BIT BMI BNE BPL BRK BVC BVS CLC CLD CLI CLV CMP CPX CPY DEC DEX DEY EOR INC INX INY JMP JSR LDA LDX LDY LSR NOP ORA PHA PHP PLA PLP ROL ROR RTI RTS SBC SEC SED SEI STA STX STY TAX TAY TSX TXA TXS TYA

6502_jumps_branches_and_procedures

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-21T22:53:50+00:00

6502 Jumps, Branches, and Procedures Very few computer programs are perfectly lineary in their instruction sequence - the sequence of instructions executed may be repeated (loops), conditional (if/then/else), and involve procedures (aka subroutines, functions, or methods).

6502_jumps_branches_and_subroutines

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

6502_math

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-23T22:27:54+00:00

6502 Math The 6502 processor is limited to very simple math operations, and various processor flags affect these operations. Decimal Mode The 6502 can perform math in binary or decimal mode. In binary mode, operations are performed on a single 8-bit value. Numbers may be treated as signed or unsigned (the math is the same).

6502_math_and_strings_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-09-24T15:30:20+00:00

6502_math_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-29T16:25:58+00:00

6502 Math Lab In this lab, you will continue learning some of the basics of 6502 assembly language, in preparation for learning more complex x86_64 and AArch64 assembly language. Resources * Background knowledge * Computer Architecture basics * Assembly Language vs Machine Language * Assembler Basics * 6502 - Basic information about the processor

6502_program_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-04T22:07:35+00:00

6502 Program Lab In this lab, you will write code with arithmetic/math and strings in 6502 assembly language, including text output, graphical output, and keyboard input, in preparation for learning more complex x86_64 and AArch64 assembly language. Resources

aarch64_register_and_instruction_quick_start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:54:30+00:00

AArch64 Register and Instruction Quick Start This page contains very basic information on the AArch64 mode of the ARMv8/ARMv9 architecture: the register layout and naming and some basic instructions. For more comprehensive information, see the references listed below.

address

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Address An address is the numeric identifier for a memory location. The term may also be used for other storage allocation identifiers -- for example, a logical block address on a disk identifies a block or sector on that disk using a unique number.

addressing_mode

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Addressing Mode Addressing modes specify how the data/arguments for an instruction are stored and retrieved. Addressing modes may include: * Implied - Any arguments are implied by the instruction (e.g., a return-from-subroutine instruction, which will pop a value off the

armv8

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:27:57+00:00

ARM 64-Bit Architectures There are a few different terms swirling around the 64-bit ARM space. This page distinguishes between some of these terms and concepts. ARMv9 ARM architecture version 9 -- known as ARMv9 -- was introduced on March 30, 2021. It is an evoltionary advancement of the ARMv8 architecture. As with ARMv8, the most powerful profile in the architecture is the Application profile, designated as ARMv9-a.

assembler

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:30:55+00:00

Assembler An assembler is a compiler for assembly language code. (Assembly language code itself is sometimes called “assembler”). On Linux systems, the GNU Assembler (“gas”) is a very commonly-used assembler. In the 6502 Emulator, the “Assemble” button invokes an assembler.

assembler_basics

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-11T11:58:03+00:00

Assembler Basics When you program in assembly language, you're directly programming the “bare metal” hardware. This means that many of the compile-time and run-time checks, error messages, and diagnostics that are present in other languages are not available. The computer will follow your instructions exactly, even if they are completely wrong (like executing data), and when something goes wrong, your program won't terminate until it tries to do something that's not permitted, such as execute a…

assembly_language

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:38:37+00:00

Assembly Language Assembly language is a symbolic representation of machine language. It is therefore very architecture-specific. Each instruction is represented by a short mnemonic word such as “LDR” for Load Register, “MOV” for move, or “MUL” for multiply, followed by (optional) arguments. The

atomic_operation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Atomic Operation An atomic operation is one that cannot be interrupted. These operations are typically used for acquiring locks. Consider the following code, intended to set a “lock” in shared memory so that only one thread or process performs a particular action at a time:

bcd

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

BCD Binary coded decimal is a binary representation of decimal numbers where each nibble (4 bits) in a word represents a separate decimal digit. For example, in BCD, the value 128 would be represented in a 16-bit value as: Binary: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Decimal: 0 1 2 8

bitwise_operations

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Bitwise Operations Bitwise Operations are operations that are performed bit-by-bit on one or two operands (input values) to produce an output value. Logical Bitwise Operations Logical bitwise operations are performed by executing a logical operation such as OR, AND, or XOR on operands, processing corresponding bits in each operand. For example, the logical OR operation takes a two-bit input and produces a one-bit output. When applied bitwise to two 32-bit values, a logical OR is performed usi…

blog_guidelines

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-09-24T18:29:11+00:00

Introduction In the open source world blogs are one of the main vehicles for general discussions about technical and project issues. One of the main reasons for this is that open source projects are interconnected, and developers working on one project want to follow what is happening in other projects. Users also like to know what is happening behind the scenes with their favourite software. Blogging is a great way to reach new people who share similar interests to you. Sites like http:

building_gcc

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-31T15:14:58+00:00

Building GCC GCC is a large codebase that has developed over a period of several decades, works on many different architectures, has had many contributors, and is itself written in several different languages. Building GCC is similar to building many other large codebases. Since the people working on this project are themselves experts in compilers and build tools, the software has a high-quality build system.

clock

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Clock Clock / Clock Signal A digital computer's CPU clock is a pulse generator which synchronizes operations throughout the system (or a portion of the system). The higher the clock speed of a system, the more operations are performed per second. Performing more operations per second will usually lead to a more instructions being performed per second, but the relationship between the clock speed and instruction execution is rarely 1:1.

compiler

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Compiler A compiler is a program which takes input code, typically human-readable source code, and produces output code, typically binary machine code but possibly an intermediate bytecode.

compiler_intrinsics

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Compiler Intrinsics A compiler intrinsic is a built-in pseudo-function which is typically inlined. Intrinsics are typically used to perform operations which cannot be performed (or guaranteed) in normal C code, such as atomics. References * GNU C Compiler Extensions - including many intrinsics/builtins.

compiler_optimizations

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-06T03:44:02+00:00

Compiler Optimizations Compiler optimizations are alterations made to code by a compiler to achieve the same result as the original input code but with improved performance. This can mean reduced code size, reduced memory consumption, improved execution speed, or reduced energy consumption; often, these goals are in conflict and optimizing for one (such as speed) will come at the cost of another (such as code size).

computer_architecture

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-08T22:10:39+00:00

Computer Architecture The phrase Computer Architecture refers to the design of a computer, primarily focused on the central processing unit but also including main memory and input-output (IO) subsystems. The term “architecture” is generally used to refer to the core components of the system and not peripheral devices.

creating_a_gcc_pass

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-18T15:01:28+00:00

Creating a GCC Pass These are rough notes only! Unfortunately, this part of the GCC codebase is poorly documented at this point in time. Structure of a Pass GCC passes are used to transform code. Initially, the input source code is transformed into GLIMPSE, then into GIMPLE, then into RTL, and finally into assembly for the target system.

current_spo600_participants

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-09-03T13:11:53+00:00

debugger

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Debugger A debugger is a tool used to analyze running code. Although debugging tools are available for interpreted and bytestream languages, the term debugger is often used to describe a tool that can analyze object code. Typical features of a debugger include:

disassembler

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Disassembler A disassembler is a tool which converts machine code to an assembly language representations. On GNU Linux systems, the objdump tool acts as a disassembler. The GNU debugger (gdb) can also do disassembly. In the 6502 Emulator, the “Disassemble” button invokes a disassembler.

elf

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

endian

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-05-07T20:46:06+00:00

Endian The Endian-ism of a processor refers to the order in which multi-byte values are stored in memory. Little-Endian Little-endian systems store the least-significant byte of a multi-byte value at the lowest address. For example, on 6502 systems (with a 8 bit/1 byte word size), the 16-bit value $FFEE stored at address $1000 would be stored like this:

executable_and_linkable_format

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Executable and Linkable Format The Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) is a file format for binary executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps (diagnostic snapshots of running software). It is a multi-section file format and can therefore be readily extended with additional information, such as IR for

expensive

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Expensive An expensive operation is one which takes a lot of resources, particularly CPU clock cycles.

flags

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Flags Flags are single-bit values which may be either on / set / binary “1” or off / cleared / binary 0. Most CPUs have a status register containing multiple flag bits indicating current status; they may also have control registers which alter the operation of the CPU. Flags may also be maintained by software, or appear in IO device registers.

gcc_build_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-31T17:05:30+00:00

GCC Build Lab The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the process of building large software projects, utilizing tools such as make and automake/autotools. This is useful because we will be working on the GCC compiler for the course project.

immediate_value

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

An immediate value in machine code is a constant or literal value argument. For example, the 6502 assembly instruction: LDA #$80 ...will load the literal value 0x80 (128) into the accumulator (A register). Note that the value to be loaded comes from an argument within the instruction stream; this contrasts with loading a value from a memory location in a data area, or from another register.

instruction

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-11T19:09:20+00:00

Instruction An Instruction is the smallest unit of code in Machine Language. Each instruction consists of an operation, addressing mode information, and zero or more arguments such as register numbers, addresses, bit counts, or immediate values. Each instruction is encoded into a binary value in the program text (see

instruction_encoding

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:16:42+00:00

Instruction Encoding The encoding of instructions, which is a key aspect of an Instruction Set Architecture, defines how instuctions and arguments are encoded as binary values in the machine code of a system. Some architectures encode instructions as multi-byte sequences, where one or more bytes specify the operation to be performed and the

instruction_set_architecture

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-05-08T07:39:24+00:00

Instruction Set Architecture The Instruction Set Architecture of a processor is the set of instructions which that processor can execute, the addressing modes available, and the encoding of those instructions as machine code.

link_time_optimization

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Link Time Optimization Link Time Optimization (LTO) defers some portions of a program's optimization from compile time to link time. In order to accomplish this, the internal representation (IR) of each portion of the program (compilation unit) must be stored in the object file. On a Linux system, this is performed with additional

machine_language

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-08T21:44:13+00:00

Machine Language Machine language, machine code, or object code is code that is directly executable by a CPU. It consist of a sequence of binary instructions encoded for a machine's Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) and is therefore very specific to a particular architecture. General Format Machine code consists of a series of instructions, each of which specifies an operation and zero or more arguments. Each argument may indicate a

make_and_makefiles

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-05T17:38:38+00:00

Make and Makefiles make is a specialized scripting language used to build software. Unlike most scripting languages, commands are not executed in linear (start-to-finish) sequence; instead, command sequences are defined in terms of what input they accept and what output they produce, and

memory_prefetch

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Memory Pre-fetch Pre-fetching of memory is the loading of data from memory into cache before it is requested, in anticipation that it will be needed in the near future. A CPU may initiate a prefetch when a pattern of sequential access is recognized or predicted, or in some

opcode

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-05-07T20:50:34+00:00

OpCode An opcode is an operation code, a numeric value specifying that a particular instruction should be performed. Opcodes may be distinct bytes or words, possibly including an addressing mode indication, or they may be embedded within a larger instruction word.

operation

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Operation An operation is a particular action to be undertaken by a CPU, such as an addition, subtraction, multiplication, bitwise operation, branch, store, or load.

pgo

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

portable

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Portable A portable program is one which may be used on multiple architectures or operating systems. Related terms: * Port - to modify a program to work on a particular architecture. * Portable - a program which can be used on multiple architectures, typically by compiling/building for a specific target architecture. Note that

procedure_call

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T17:42:30+00:00

Procedure Call A procedure is a block of code that may be called by other code. Depending on the language in used, a procedure may also be called a routine, function, subroutine, method, or subprogram. At the machine level, a procedure is called like this:

profile-guided_optimization

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Profile-Guided Optimzation Profile-Guided Optimization (PGO) is an optimization technique where a performance profile is fed to the compiler to provide optimization information that is not directly evident from the source code, such as branching patterns which are the result of patterns in the input data, frequency of function calls, and number of iterations typically peformed of each loop. This information affects optimizations such as code relocation, inlining, and loop unrolling.

public_key_cryptography

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Public Key Cryptography Overview Public-key cryptography underlies virtually all e-commerce, online banking, and telecommunications systems. In a nutshell, public key cryptography works like this: * A large random number is generated. * That number is used to derive two mathematically-related but different keys. Each key is also a large number.

register

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-09-03T13:42:14+00:00

Register A register is a high-speed memory location within a CPU. Common Types of CPU Registers Various types of registers are used in combination in computer architecture. The set of all registers present in a processor is called the Register Set

screen_tutorial

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-11-20T19:15:15+00:00

Screen Tutorial When performing a long interactive operation such as a complex test or build over a remote connection (such as SSH), any network interruption such as a temporary break in WiFi connectivity or relocating from one pace to another will interrupt the operation and force you to start over.

signed

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Signed A signed value is a binary value with a positive/negative sign. Alternatively, an unsigned number can represent positive (or zero) values only. Some number representations allow for both positive and negative zero values. Two's Compliment

spo600

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

spo600_64-bit_assembly_language_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

spo600_2024_fall_participants

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-12-07T06:57:37+00:00

SPO600 Fall 2024 Participants Name Preferred Name Seneca LDAP ID Blog URL XChris TylerChrischris.tyler Nickolas LiapkovNicknliapkov1 Arina KolodeznikovaArinaakolodeznikova John Pierre MendozaPierrejmendoza23 Gleison Vieira DutraGleisongvieira-dutra

spo600_2024_summer_participants

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-08-19T09:56:37+00:00

SPO600 Summer 2024 Participants See the Project page for task descriptions. Name Preferred Name Seneca LDAP ID Blog URL Project Task (see Project Page)XChris TylerChrischris.tyler Marco SiuMarcomsiu4Command-line Parsing Connor SquiresConnorcwsquiresarch= Arguments Wai Hing William Tse

spo600_2024_winter_participants

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

SPO600 Winter 2024 Participants Name Preferred Name Seneca LDAP ID Blog URL Project Task Mimi DangMimimdang10 Create AFMV DocumentationMatthew De NapoliMatthewmde-napoliGit WranglerRachit ChawlaRachitrchawla11Create TestsHeavendeep kaur MunjalHeaven

spo600_assembler_lab

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

spo600_communication_tools

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-01-07T03:21:22+00:00

SPO600 Communication Tools SPO600 students use a number of communication tools that have been built and heavily adopted by Open Source communities. This page contains set-up instructions for some of these communication tools. Summary: What you Need to Do

spo600_servers

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-04-09T21:19:43+00:00

SPO600 Servers SERVER CHANGES As of 2025-04-09: * The hostname of the SPO600 servers changed. As of 2025-03-20: * The servers must be accessed with new SSH port numbers. See details below. * An additional terabyte of storage has been added to the aarch64-002 server, accessible via

spo600_winter_2024

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-29T02:09:08+00:00

SPO600 This is the course schedule for SPO600 in Winter 2024. It may be adjusted according to the needs of the participants and changes in standards and technology. Each topic will be linked to relevant notes as the course proceeds. Week Week of...

ssh

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

SSH SSH is the Secure Shell, a powerful encrypted communication tool. This page contains some basic information about the use of SSH. SSH Software SSH client and server programs are included with almost all Linux distributions, Mac OS, and recent versions of Windows (later updates of 10 as well as 11). You can obtain SSH client and server software for most other platforms, including Android.

stack

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Stack A stack is an area of memory where values are added (pushed) or removed (pulled) to/from the end of the stack only. Most CPU designs incorporate one or more hardware-managed stacks which are used to store and restore state information during subroutine calls, exceptions, and interrupts.

start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-03-28T13:20:42+00:00

SPO600 - 2025 Winter This is the SPO600 tentative course schedule. It's a live document and will be revised throughout the semester. Each topic will be linked to notes at the end of this page as the course proceeds. Classes marked Async will be delivered in asynchronous online mode.

symbol

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Symbol A symbol is a name for a variable, address, register, or instruction. For example, the symbol “a” is used in this C code: int a=5; In the compiled code, the name of the variable is insignificant -- the object code will access the relevant memory location by address, or the relevant register, at the

syscalls

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-19T16:39:16+00:00

Syscall The system call (syscall) mechanism is used by applications to access kernel services. The userland (application/non-kernel) program loads certain registers designating the system service (syscall) desired and the arguments to that syscall, then invokes a software

truth_table

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Truth Table A Truth Table is a table which has columns for the inputs and outputs of a logical binary operation, and rows representing all possible inputs and the corresponding outputs. For some examples, see Bitwise Operations.

volatile

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-05-25T05:16:54+00:00

Volatile Volatile storage holds data only as long as power is applied -- data is lost when power is cut. Examples of volatile storage: * Random Access Memory (dynamic or static RAM) Examples of non-volatile storage: * Flash memory * Disk drives

word

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2024-04-16T18:10:08+00:00

Word A word is a set number of bits managed as a unit. Hardware Word A hardware word is the group of bits normally managed by a processor. The word size is a distinguishing feature of a processor, and is typically a power-of-two multiple of eight bits (8, 16, 32, or 64 bits), although some rare or early processors used different word sizes.

x86_64_register_and_instruction_quick_start

Anonymous (anonymous@undisclosed.example.com) — 2025-02-11T19:12:58+00:00

x86_64 Register and Instruction Quick Start This page contains very basic information on the x86_64 architecture: the register layout and naming and some basic instructions. For more comprehensive information, see the references listed below. Registers General-Purpose Integer Registers